*Question E6F01:
What absorbs the energy from light falling on a photovoltaic cell?*  

*Correct Answer is  C: Electrons*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

In a photovoltaic cell, the energy from light is absorbed by electrons. Here's a breakdown of why the correct answer is "Electrons" and why the other choices are incorrect:

### Correct Answer: Electrons
- **Explanation**: When photons (light particles) strike the photovoltaic cell, they transfer their energy to electrons in the material (usually silicon). This energy excites the electrons, allowing them to break free from their atomic bonds and create an electric current. Thus, electrons are the carriers of the absorbed energy.

### Why the Other Choices Are Incorrect:
- **A: Protons**  
  - Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They do not interact with light in a way that would allow them to absorb energy from photons. Their role is more related to the atomic structure rather than energy absorption.

- **B: Photons**  
  - Photons are the particles of light themselves. While they carry energy, they do not absorb energy; instead, they transfer energy to electrons when they interact with the photovoltaic material.

- **D: Holes**  
  - Holes are the absence of electrons in a semiconductor and represent positive charge carriers. While they play a role in the conduction process after electrons are excited, they do not absorb energy from light. Instead, they are created as a result of electron excitation.

### Useful Concepts:
- **Photovoltaic Effect**: This is the process by which a photovoltaic cell converts light energy into electrical energy. It involves the absorption of photons and the subsequent excitation of electrons.
- **Energy Transfer**: The energy of a photon can be calculated using the formula:
  
  $$E = h \cdot f$$

  where:
  - $E$ = energy of the photon (in joules)
  - $h$ = Planck's constant ($6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}$)
  - $f$ = frequency of the light (in hertz)

Understanding these concepts will help you grasp how photovoltaic cells operate and the role of electrons in energy absorption.