*Question G8A08:
Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation?*  

*Correct Answer is  D: Excessive bandwidth*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

Overmodulation occurs when the modulation level of an audio signal exceeds the limits of the transmitter, leading to distortion and other undesirable effects. 

### Correct Answer: D: Excessive bandwidth

- **Why it's correct**: 
  - Overmodulation causes the signal to distort, which can create additional frequency components outside the original bandwidth of the modulated signal. This results in a wider bandwidth than intended, hence "excessive bandwidth." The distortion can produce harmonics and spurious emissions that occupy more spectrum than the original signal.

### Why the other choices are incorrect:

- **A: Insufficient audio**: 
  - Insufficient audio refers to a lack of modulation depth, which is the opposite of overmodulation. Overmodulation typically results in too much audio input, not too little.

- **B: Insufficient bandwidth**: 
  - Insufficient bandwidth would imply that the signal is not occupying enough frequency space, which is not a result of overmodulation. Instead, overmodulation leads to excessive bandwidth due to distortion.

- **C: Frequency drift**: 
  - Frequency drift refers to a change in the operating frequency of the transmitter, often due to thermal effects or instability in the oscillator. This is not a direct consequence of overmodulation.

### Summary:
Overmodulation primarily leads to excessive bandwidth due to the introduction of unwanted frequency components. Understanding this concept is crucial for maintaining signal integrity and compliance with regulations in amateur radio operations.