*Question E7G09:
What will be the output voltage of the circuit shown in Figure E7-3 if R1 is 1,000 ohms, RF is 10,000 ohms, and 0.23 volts DC is applied to the input?*  

*Correct Answer is  D: -2.3 volts*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

To solve this problem, we need to understand the operation of an inverting operational amplifier (op-amp) circuit, which is what Figure E7-3 represents.

### Explanation:

1. **Inverting Op-Amp Formula:**

   The output voltage ($V_{\text{out}}$) for an inverting op-amp is given by the formula:

   $$V_{\text{out}} = -\left(\frac{R_F}{R_1}\right) \times V_{\text{in}}$$

   where:
   - $R_F$ is the feedback resistor.
   - $R_1$ is the input resistor.
   - $V_{\text{in}}$ is the input voltage.

2. **Substitute the Given Values:**

   - $R_1 = 1,000 \, \text{ohms}$
   - $R_F = 10,000 \, \text{ohms}$
   - $V_{\text{in}} = 0.23 \, \text{volts}$

   Plug these values into the formula:

   $$V_{\text{out}} = -\left(\frac{10,000}{1,000}\right) \times 0.23$$

   Simplify the expression:

   $$V_{\text{out}} = -10 \times 0.23 = -2.3 \, \text{volts}$$

3. **Correct Answer:**

   - The correct answer is **D: -2.3 volts** because the calculation shows that the output voltage is -2.3 volts.

4. **Why Other Choices Are Incorrect:**

   - **A: 0.23 volts**: This would be the case if there was no amplification or inversion, which is not true for this circuit.
   - **B: 2.3 volts**: This would be the output if the op-amp was non-inverting, but the circuit is inverting.
   - **C: -0.23 volts**: This would imply a gain of -1, which is incorrect given the resistor values.

By understanding the inverting op-amp formula and substituting the given values, we can determine that the output voltage is -2.3 volts.