*Question T3A03:
What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?*  

*Correct Answer is  C: Horizontal*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

The correct answer to the question about antenna polarization for long-distance CW (Continuous Wave) and SSB (Single Sideband) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands is **C: Horizontal**.

### Explanation of the Correct Answer:
- **Horizontal Polarization**: 
  - For long-distance communications, especially on VHF and UHF bands, horizontal polarization is preferred. This is because it tends to have lower ground losses and better propagation characteristics over long distances. 
  - Additionally, many antennas used for these modes, such as Yagi and dipole antennas, are typically designed to be horizontally polarized, which aligns with the common practice in amateur radio.

### Why the Other Choices are Incorrect:
- **A: Right-hand circular**: 
  - Right-hand circular polarization is often used in satellite communications and some specific applications, but it is not the standard for long-distance VHF/UHF contacts. It can introduce additional complexity and is less common among typical amateur setups.
  
- **B: Left-hand circular**: 
  - Similar to right-hand circular, left-hand circular polarization is not commonly used for VHF/UHF long-distance contacts. It is more specialized and not the norm for amateur radio operations.
  
- **D: Vertical**: 
  - While vertical polarization can be effective for local communications and is often used for repeaters, it generally has higher ground losses and is less effective for long-distance propagation compared to horizontal polarization. Vertical antennas can also be more susceptible to noise and interference.

### Summary:
- For long-distance CW and SSB contacts on VHF and UHF bands, **horizontal polarization** is the best choice due to its favorable propagation characteristics and common usage in amateur radio. 

### Useful Rule of Thumb:
- When setting up antennas for long-distance communication, always consider the polarization of both your antenna and the receiving station's antenna to maximize signal strength and clarity.