*Question T8B03:
Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?*  

*Correct Answer is  D: All these choices are correct*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

Satellite tracking programs are essential tools for amateur radio operators who want to communicate via satellites. Let's break down the options provided in the question.

1. **Why the correct answer is correct (D: All these choices are correct)**:
   - Satellite tracking programs indeed provide all the listed information:
     - **Maps showing the real-time position of the satellite track over Earth**: These maps help operators visualize where the satellite is at any given moment.
     - **The time, azimuth, and elevation of the start, maximum altitude, and end of a pass**: This data is crucial for planning when to establish communication with the satellite.
     - **The apparent frequency of the satellite transmission, including effects of Doppler shift**: As the satellite moves, the frequency of its signal changes due to the Doppler effect, and tracking programs calculate this shift to help operators tune their equipment correctly.

2. **Why the other choices are incorrect**:
   - Since the correct answer is D, all other choices (A, B, and C) are actually correct statements. Therefore, they cannot be considered incorrect in this context. Each choice represents a valid feature of satellite tracking programs.

3. **Useful formulas or rules of thumb**:
   - **Doppler Shift Calculation**: The frequency shift due to the Doppler effect can be calculated using the formula:
     $$ f' = f \left( \frac{c + v_r}{c + v_s} \right) $$
     where:
     - $f'$ = observed frequency
     - $f$ = emitted frequency
     - $c$ = speed of light (approximately $3 \times 10^8$ m/s)
     - $v_r$ = speed of the receiver relative to the medium (positive if moving towards the source)
     - $v_s$ = speed of the source relative to the medium (positive if moving away from the receiver)

   - **Tracking Passes**: A typical satellite pass can be tracked by noting:
     - **Azimuth**: The compass direction from which the satellite will appear.
     - **Elevation**: The angle above the horizon at which the satellite will be visible.

In summary, satellite tracking programs provide comprehensive data that is crucial for effective communication with satellites, making option D the correct choice.