*Question G4C09:
How can the effects of ground loops be minimized?*  

*Correct Answer is  D: Bond equipment enclosures together*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

To minimize the effects of ground loops, the correct approach is to bond equipment enclosures together. Here's why:

1. **Correct Answer: D - Bond equipment enclosures together**
   - **Explanation**: Ground loops occur when there are multiple paths to ground, which can cause unwanted current flow and interference. By bonding equipment enclosures together, you create a single, low-resistance path to ground. This helps ensure that all equipment is at the same ground potential, reducing the likelihood of ground loops and the associated noise or interference.

2. **Why the Other Choices are Incorrect**:
   - **A: Connect all ground conductors in series**
     - **Explanation**: Connecting ground conductors in series can actually increase the risk of ground loops. This configuration can create multiple potential differences between equipment, leading to unwanted currents and interference.
   
   - **B: Connect the AC neutral conductor to the ground wire**
     - **Explanation**: While the AC neutral is typically connected to ground at the service entrance, doing so elsewhere can create safety hazards and is against electrical codes. It does not address the issue of ground loops effectively.
   
   - **C: Avoid using lock washers and star washers when making ground connections**
     - **Explanation**: Lock washers and star washers are often used to ensure a secure and reliable electrical connection. Avoiding them can lead to poor connections, which might exacerbate ground loop issues rather than minimize them.

By bonding equipment enclosures together, you ensure a consistent ground potential across all equipment, which is key to minimizing ground loops.