*Question G8A08:
Which of the following is an effect of overmodulation?*  

*Correct Answer is  D: Excessive bandwidth*  

### AI Response: (may contain errors)  

Overmodulation occurs when the modulation level of a signal exceeds the limits of the transmitter's capability, leading to distortion and other undesirable effects.

1. **Correct Answer: Excessive bandwidth (D)**  
   - Overmodulation causes the signal to spread out more in the frequency domain than intended. This results in excessive bandwidth, as the signal occupies more spectrum space than necessary. This can lead to interference with adjacent channels and is generally undesirable in communication systems.

2. **Why the other choices are incorrect:**
   - **Insufficient audio (A):** Overmodulation does not cause insufficient audio. In fact, it often results from trying to increase audio levels beyond the transmitter's capacity.
   - **Insufficient bandwidth (B):** Overmodulation increases bandwidth, not decreases it. Insufficient bandwidth would imply the signal is too narrow, which is not the case here.
   - **Frequency drift (C):** Frequency drift refers to a change in the carrier frequency over time, which is unrelated to modulation levels. Overmodulation affects the signal's bandwidth, not its frequency stability.

In summary, overmodulation primarily affects the bandwidth of a signal, causing it to become excessive and potentially interfere with other communications.